Highlights: Sajama offers an extraordinary combination of Bolivia's highest mountain, ancient Aymara culture, geothermal landscapes and exceptional high-Andean wildlife—making it one of the country's most rewarding destinations for responsible nature and cultural tourism, its most important tourist highlights are:

• Nevado Sajama – Bolivia’s highest peak at 6,542 m.

• Payachatas volcanoes – Parinacota and Pomerape create a dramatic mountain scenery.

• Queñua forests – among the highest-elevation forests in the world.

• Juchusuma geysers – geothermal landscapes with steaming springs and volcanic activity.

• Manasaya hot springs – natural thermal waters surrounded by spectacular mountain scenery.

• High-altitude lagoons and bofedales – important habitats for birds and Andean camelids.

• Wildlife watching – especially vicuñas, llamas, alpacas, flamingos and the Andean rhea or suri.

• Cultural heritage – Aymara communities, archaeological sites, chullpas, traditional landscapes and historic churches.

Location: Sajama National Park is in the Department of Oruro, in Bolivia's western Andes near the Chilean border. The park lies within the Cordillera Occidental and is accessed from the main La Paz–Tambo Quemado road, with the village of Sajama providing an important gateway to the park.

Altitude: This is one of Bolivia's highest national parks. Elevations generally range from approximately 4,200 to 6,600 metres, while the summit of Nevado Sajama reaches 6,542 metres. The village of Sajama itself is around 4,200 metres, so visitors should allow time to adjust to the altitude.

Weather & Climate: Sajama has a cold, dry and semi-arid high-Andean climate. Days can be sunny and relatively mild, while temperatures drop considerably after sunset and can fall below freezing. The rainy season is concentrated mainly between November and March, while May to September is generally the drier period with clearer skies.

Nature & Wildlife: The park protects a remarkable high-altitude ecosystem of puna grasslands, bofedales, lagoons, volcanic landscapes and queñua forests. Wildlife includes vicuñas, llamas, alpacas, viscachas, Andean foxes, pumas and quirquinchos. Birdlife includes Andean flamingos, Andean condors, horned coots and suris (Andean rheas).

Indigenous Communities: Sajama is traditionally associated with Aymara communities of Caranga origin, whose cultural landscape includes traditional ayllu organisation, ancestral beliefs and long-established relationships with the mountains, wildlife and surrounding ecosystems. Several communities participate in conservation and tourism activities, helping visitors experience the landscape while supporting their local economy.

Best Time to Visit: May to September is generally the best period for tourism, particularly for visitors seeking clear skies, mountain views, hiking and photography. The months of June to August are typically very dry but can be extremely cold at night. The wetter season from November to March can bring cloud, rain and occasional snow at higher elevations.

Tourism experiences : Sajama is ideal for travellers interested in nature, hiking, wildlife, photography, cultural tourism and high-Andean landscapes. Popular experiences include:

• Exploring the Sajama landscape and surrounding trails

• Visiting geysers and geothermal areas

• Soaking in natural hot springs

• Wildlife watching around lagoons and bofedales

• Visiting queñua forests

• Discovering Aymara communities and cultural heritage

• Visiting historic churches and archaeological sites

• Enjoying panoramic views of Sajama and the Payachatas

How to Get There: The journey is primarily by road. From La Paz, travel west along the main highway towards Tambo Quemado and the Chilean border. The turn-off at Lagunas provides access to the village of Sajama and the national park. From Oruro, travellers can also connect with the Sajama area by road.

Where to Stay: Accommodation is available mainly in and around Sajama village and nearby communities, including small guesthouses, community-based accommodation and basic lodges. Tomarapi is another notable community tourism area associated with the park. Facilities are relatively simple, making Sajama particularly suited to travellers looking for an authentic high-altitude experience rather than luxury accommodation.

Travel Tips

• Prepare for the altitude: Sajama is above 4,000 m, so take it slowly when you arrive.

• Bring warm layers: temperatures can change dramatically between day and night.

• Use sun protection: high-altitude sunlight can be very strong.

• Carry water and snacks: services are limited outside the main communities.

• Travel with appropriate local guidance for remote areas and mountain activities.

• Respect local communities and sacred places and ask before photographing people.

• Support community tourism: choosing local accommodation, guides and services can contribute directly to conservation and to the community’s economy.

• Allow extra travel time: weather and road conditions can affect journeys across the Altiplano.

Highlights

• Giant Fern Forests – spectacular highland forests dominated by ancient tree ferns.

• Cloud and Yungas Forests – lush mountain landscapes rich in orchids, bromeliads and other plants.

• Los Volcanes – dramatic rock formations, valleys and forest scenery.

• Jardín de las Delicias – known for its waterfalls and natural landscapes.

• La Chonta and Saguayó – popular northern access areas for rainforest, hiking and wildlife experiences.

• Exceptional birdwatching – more than 800 bird species have been recorded in the wider park area.

Location: Amboró National Park is located in the Santa Cruz Department of central Bolivia, on the eastern slopes of the Andes. The park extends across several municipalities, including Buenavista, San Carlos, Yapacaní, Comarapa, Samaipata, Mairana, Pampa Grande, El Torno and Porongo. The park has two principal tourism approaches: the northern lowlands, generally accessed from Buena Vista, and the southern highlands, with Samaipata serving as an important gateway.

Weather & Climate: Amboró has a highly varied climate because of its considerable changes in altitude and landscape. The north is generally warmer, more humid and tropical, while the southern and higher areas are cooler and more temperate. The rainy season generally runs from October to April, with heavier rainfall around January, while May to September is generally drier and cooler. Conditions can change considerably between the lowlands and mountain areas, from warm, humid conditions to cooler weather at higher elevations.

Altitude: The park has an exceptional altitudinal range, from approximately 300 metres to 3,338 metres above sea level. Most of the park lies between 1,000 and 2,000 metres, this dramatic variation in elevation is one of the main reasons for Amboró's extraordinary ecological diversity.

Nature & Wildlife: Amboró protects a remarkable combination of Amazonian rainforest, Yungas and cloud forests, montane forests, Chiquitano dry forest and Chaco environments. Its flora includes thousands of plant species, with orchids, bromeliads, palms and giant tree ferns among its most distinctive features.  Wildlife includes jaguar, puma, spectacled bear (Andean bear), tapir, deer, monkeys and numerous smaller mammals, alongside an exceptional variety of birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Official Bolivian tourism information reports around 820 bird species, 127 mammals, 105 reptiles, 109 fish species and nearly 3,000 plant species.

Indigenous & Local Communities: Amboró is surrounded by rural and local communities whose culture and traditions are closely connected with the forests, rivers and agricultural landscapes around the protected area. Community-based tourism can provide opportunities to experience local knowledge, traditional foods, agricultural practices and the relationship between people and the natural environment. Indigenous communities historically connected with Amboró include: Yuracaré, Yuqui, Chiquitano (Churapa), Guarayo and Guaraní, although there are also Quechua and Aymara communities and migrant populations around the park, particularly in municipalities such as Yapacaní and Buena Vista, but these are different from the Indigenous peoples with historical roots in the Amboró area.

Best Time to Visit: 

• May to September is generally considered the best period for visiting Amboró, particularly for hiking, wildlife observation and exploring forest trails. The drier conditions can make trails easier to access, although weather remains variable because of the park's different elevations.
• The rainy season can produce greener landscapes and impressive waterfalls, but some trails and access routes may become more challenging.

How to Get There: Amboró can be reached through several gateways depending on the area visitors want to explore.

• Northern access: Travel from Santa Cruz de la Sierra towards Buena Vista, with additional access points around Santa Fe and Yapacaní.
• Southern access: From Santa Cruz, travellers can reach Samaipata, Mairana, Pampa Grande, Comarapa or El Torno and access different parts of the southern park area. Samaipata is particularly convenient for combining Amboró with the region's cultural and archaeological attractions.

Where to Stay: Accommodation is concentrated mainly in the towns and communities surrounding the park rather than deep inside the protected area.

• Buena Vista – a convenient base for exploring the northern rainforest and accessing attractions such as La Chonta and nearby waterfalls.
• Samaipata – an excellent southern base with a wide selection of accommodation, restaurants and tourism services. It is also ideal for combining Amboró with El Fuerte de Samaipata, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Eco-lodges and rural accommodation – selected areas around the park offer nature-oriented lodges and community or rural stays, providing a more immersive experience while supporting local economies.

Travel tip: Accommodation and guide availability can be limited in more remote areas, so advance planning is recommended, particularly during peak travel periods.

Highlights

• Huanchaca (Caparú) Plateau – spectacular sandstone formations, cliffs and panoramic viewpoints reaching close to 1,000 metres.

• Arco Iris Waterfalls – one of the park’s most iconic natural attractions.

• Federico Ahlfeld Waterfall – an impressive waterfall associated with the Paucerna River and Huanchaca Plateau.

• El Encanto Waterfall – a dramatic waterfall beneath the Caparú Plateau.

• Flor de Oro – a traditional access and tourism area on the Iténez River, offering opportunities for wildlife observation and river excursions.

• Las Torres – striking rock formations and viewpoints overlooking the surrounding forest.

• Mirador de los Monos – a scenic location associated with wildlife observation.

• Laguna Chaplin – a beautiful lagoon where visitors can combine nature walks and boat excursions.

• Amazonian rainforest and cerrado – an unusual combination of ecosystems supporting exceptional biodiversity.

Location: The park is situated in the northeastern part of Santa Cruz Department, within José Miguel de Velasco Province and the municipality of San Ignacio de Velasco, close to the Brazilian border. The park also extends into a small area of Beni Department. It is approximately 600–700 km from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, depending on the access route. Its eastern and northern boundaries are associated with the Iténez/Guaporé River and the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia.

Weather & Climate: Noel Kempff Mercado has a tropical climate, generally warm and humid, with a pronounced seasonal variation in rainfall. Rainfall is concentrated during the warmer months, while the dry season generally occurs from June to September. Annual precipitation varies considerably across sources and parts of the park, with estimates ranging from approximately 1,500 to 2,500 mm. Average temperatures are around 25–26°C, although occasional cold fronts known as surazos can cause temperatures to fall considerably for short periods during the dry season.

Altitude: The park has considerable variation in elevation, ranging approximately from 200 metres to nearly 1,000 metres above sea level. The highest areas are found around the Huanchaca/Caparú Plateau, which rises dramatically above the surrounding lowlands.

Nature & Wildlife: Noel Kempff Mercado is renowned for its extraordinary biodiversity. UNESCO identifies around 4,000 plant species and more than 600 bird species, while the park's varied habitats include evergreen rainforest, cerrado, wetlands, savannah, gallery forests and semi-deciduous forest. Wildlife includes jaguars, pumas, lowland tapirs, giant anteaters, giant armadillos, monkeys, deer and river otters, together with an exceptional variety of birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects. Birdwatching is particularly rewarding, with numerous parrots, macaws and other tropical species found throughout the park.

Indigenous Communities: There are no permanent population settlements inside the national park, but the surrounding area has important Indigenous communities, particularly people of Chiquitano and Guarasugwe origin. Communities such as Florida and Piso Firme have historically been connected with tourism and access to the park. Community-based tourism initiatives have included local guiding, canoe services, accommodation and other visitor services.

Best Time to Visit: The best period depends on the experience you want:

• March to June: traditionally favourable for some river and waterfall excursions, with several attractions reported as particularly accessible during this period.

• June to September: the drier season can make some land routes easier, while temperatures are generally more comfortable for hiking; however, occasional cold surazos can occur.

• Rainy season: brings fuller rivers, lush vegetation and spectacular waterfalls, but road and access conditions can become more difficult.

Tourism & Things to Do: Noel Kempff Mercado is particularly suited for ecotourism, wildlife watching, birdwatching, photography, hiking, river excursions and adventure travel. Its remote character makes it especially attractive to travellers looking for less-developed destinations and exceptional natural landscapes. Visitors can explore forest trails, observe birds and wildlife, navigate rivers and lagoons, visit waterfalls and viewpoints, and learn about the ecosystems and conservation importance of the park.

How to Get There: Noel Kempff Mercado is one of Bolivia's more remote tourism destinations, and access requires careful planning.

• From Santa Cruz de la Sierra: visitors can travel by road towards Concepción, San Ignacio de Velasco and the communities around the park, with some routes continuing towards Florida or Piso Firme. From Piso Firme, river transport along the Paraguá and Iténez rivers provides access to parts of the park.
• By air: private or chartered flights have been used to reach tourism areas such as Flor de Oro and other landing strips, significantly reducing travel time. Availability can vary, so flights and landing arrangements should be confirmed before departure.

Where to Stay: Accommodation inside and around the park is limited and can be seasonal, some tourism facilities include the Flor de Oro and Los Fierros camps, while community-based tourism initiatives have operated around Florida and neighbouring communities. However, the condition and availability of these facilities can change, so accommodation should be confirmed before travelling. For travellers visiting from Santa Cruz, it may also be practical to combine the park with accommodation in San Ignacio de Velasco or other communities along the access route, depending on the itinerary.

Travel tip:: Noel Kempff Mercado is an expedition-style destination rather than a conventional national-park visit. Its remoteness, limited infrastructure and changing access conditions are part of the experience.  Because conditions and tourism infrastructure can change, it is advised to confirm access, accommodation and park-entry arrangements with SERNAP or an experienced local operator before travelling.

Highlights

• Cerro Tunari – the highest summit in the Cordillera del Tunari, at around 5,200 m.

• Andean landscapes – spectacular mountain scenery, valleys, high-altitude grasslands and rocky peaks.

• Queñua forests – native high-Andean forests that provide habitat for specialised wildlife.

• High-altitude lagoons – including scenic mountain lagoons such as Wara Wara and Larati.

• Wildlife watching – opportunities to observe Andean birds and mammals.

• Ecotourism and hiking – nature walks, trekking, photography and scenic viewpoints.

• Liriuni hot springs – a popular recreational attraction near Quillacollo.

• Traditional rural landscapes – agricultural areas and communities surrounding the protected area.

Location: Tunari National Park is located in the Department of Cochabamba, immediately north and northwest of Cochabamba city. The protected area extends across parts of the provinces of Cercado, Quillacollo, Chapare, Tapacarí and Ayopaya, covering roughly 3,090 km².

Weather & Climate: The park has a highly variable climate because of its considerable changes in elevation. Lower mountain slopes and valleys have a relatively mild, dry climate, while the higher areas are colder and more humid. Average temperatures on the mountain slopes can be around 12°C, with temperatures potentially falling below freezing at high elevations. The mountain zone has an average temperature of approximately 6.5°C and receives considerably more precipitation. The dry season from May to October generally provides clearer skies and more favourable conditions for hiking and sightseeing. The rainy season from November to April brings greener landscapes but can make some mountain roads and trails more difficult.

Altitude: Tunari is an exceptionally high-altitude destination. Elevations range from approximately 2,500 metres to more than 5,200 metres above sea level, with Cerro Tunari reaching around 5,200 m.

Nature & Wildlife: Tunari protects a variety of Andean ecosystems, including Puna, high-Andean grasslands, dry inter-Andean valleys and native queñua forests. These habitats support a diverse range of plants and animals. More than 30 mammal species and 163 bird species have been recorded in the park, along with reptiles and amphibians. Wildlife associated with the region includes Andean condors, vizcachas, llamas, alpacas and Andean geese. The park is also important for specialised and threatened Andean birds, including the mountain finch and Andean hummingbirds.

Indigenous Communities & Local Culture: The landscapes around Tunari are closely connected with Quechua-speaking rural communities, whose way of life traditionally include agriculture, livestock raising and the use of local natural resources. Farming terraces cultivated fields and traditional rural landscapes can be found around parts of the protected area. For visitors, community-based experiences can provide an opportunity to learn about Andean agriculture, local food, traditional knowledge and the relationship between mountain communities and their environment.

Tourism experiences: Tunari offers a variety of nature-based experiences including:

• Hiking and mountain walks

• Trekking and scenic excursions

• Birdwatching

• Nature photography

• Ecotourism

• Mountain and landscape sightseeing

• Visits to high-altitude lagoons

• Rural and community experiences

• Visiting Liriuni hot springs

• Exploring nearby attractions such as the Chocaya ecotourism area and Inca Rakay archaeological site.

Best Time to Visit: May to October is generally the best period for hiking, mountain scenery and outdoor activities because of the drier conditions and clearer skies. June to August can offer particularly clear views, although temperatures at high elevations can be very cold. The November to April rainy season can produce greener landscapes and impressive mountain scenery, but rainfall may affect unpaved roads and trails.

How to Get There: Tunari National Park can be accessed from Cochabamba by road, making it one of the most accessible protected natural areas for visitors staying in the city. Different entrances and attractions can be reached through roads leading towards the northern valleys and mountain communities. For higher-altitude excursions, it is advisable to travel with an experienced local guide or organised tour, particularly where roads and trails are less clearly marked.

Where to Stay: Accommodation within the protected mountain areas is limited, ,ost visitors use Cochabamba city as their base, where there is a wide choice of hotels, guesthouses and restaurants. Staying in Tiquipaya, Quillacollo or nearby rural communities can provide easier access to particular attractions and a more local experience.

Travel Tips:

• Acclimatise first: Cochabamba itself is at high altitude, and the higher areas of Tunari are considerably higher.

• Check conditions: Mountain weather can change rapidly, especially at higher elevations.

• Dress in layers: Temperatures can vary significantly between sunny and shaded areas.

• Use sun protection: UV exposure is strong at high altitude.

• Carry sufficient water and food for excursions away from populated areas.

• Use a local guide for challenging or unfamiliar mountain routes.

• Respect local communities: Ask before photographing people, homes, farms or ceremonies.

• Protect the environment: Take rubbish with you and avoid damaging native vegetation.

• Travel responsibly: Support local guides, community businesses and conservation initiatives.

• Avoid leaving marked routes where conditions are uncertain or where local guidance advises against it.

Highlights

• Vast Amazonian and Yungas forests

• Transition zone between the Andes and the Amazon lowlands

• Isiboro, Sécure and Ichoa rivers

• Exceptional wildlife and bird diversity, with more than 600 recorded bird species.

• Opportunities to observe freshwater dolphins along the rivers

• Indigenous communities with strong connections to the forest and rivers

• One of Bolivia's important areas for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.

Location: TIPNIS extends across the southern part of Beni and northern Cochabamba. Important access areas include San Ignacio de Moxos and Loreto in Beni, and Villa Tunari/Chimoré in Cochabamba. The park's principal rivers are crucial for transportation routes through the territory.

Weather & Climate: The climate varies considerably, the lowlands are generally hot, humid and rainy, while higher areas become cooler and more temperate. Average annual temperatures range from approximately 15°C in the higher mountain areas to around 32°C in the foothills and forested lowlands, with the northern Moxos plains averaging about 25°C. Annual rainfall commonly ranges between 1,900 and 3,500 mm, depending on the area. Cold fronts known locally as surazos can affect the region during the dry winter months.

Altitude: TIPNIS has an exceptional altitudinal range, from approximately 180 metres to 3,000 metres above sea level. Much of the central territory lies at roughly 300–400 metres, while the southern and western sections rise into the Andean foothills.

Nature & Wildlife: The park contains a remarkable combination of Amazonian rainforest, Yungas/cloud forest, mountain vegetation, wetlands and seasonally flooded savannas. Official Bolivian tourism information highlights thousands of plant species and hundreds of animal species. Wildlife includes jaguar, puma, ocelot, giant river otter, capybara, monkeys, caiman, freshwater fish and numerous bird species. The rivers are particularly important for wildlife observation, including the Bolivian river dolphin.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: TIPNIS is the ancestral territory of the Mojeño-Trinitario, Tsimané (Chimán) and Yuracaré peoples. Indigenous communities that have traditionally maintained close relationships with the rivers and forests through fishing, hunting, agriculture, gathering, handicrafts and knowledge of medicinal plants. The territory is legally recognised as belonging to these Indigenous people.

Tourism Experiences: For visitors travelling with appropriate local or community arrangements, TIPNIS can offer:

• River journeys along the Isiboro - Sécure rivers

• Birdwatching and wildlife observation

• Rainforest and nature exploration

• Traditional fishing experiences, where permitted

• Nature and landscape photography

• Learning about Indigenous Forest knowledge and conservation through Community-based cultural experiences

• Freshwater wildlife observation

Bolivia's official tourism portal specifically identifies ecotourism, nature tourism, experiential tourism, cultural tourism, ornithological tourism and community-based experiences as opportunities in the wider Beni/TIPNIS region.

Best Time to Visit: The drier winter period, roughly May to October, is generally more favourable for travelling because rainfall is lower and river and trail conditions can be more manageable. However, conditions vary considerably between locations. The rainy season can make travel more difficult but also brings fuller rivers, lush vegetation and excellent opportunities to experience the rainforest.

How to Get There: TIPNIS is a remote destination and does not have the straightforward tourist infrastructure found in destinations such as Madidi or Uyuni. Access is primarily through river routes and local community arrangements.

• From Beni: river access can be arranged using routes connected with the Mamoré, Sécure and Isiboro river systems.

• From Cochabamba: access to the southern area is possible through the Chimoré/Villa Tunari region, with further travel requiring local arrangements.

• Some communities have small airstrips, but access is highly dependent on local conditions.

Where to Stay: Accommodation inside TIPNIS is limited to community-based rather than conventional hotel accommodation. Visitors should arrange stays with recognised local communities or use accommodation in gateway destinations such as Trinidad, San Ignacio de Moxos, Villa Tunari or other nearby towns, depending on the route.

Travel Tips

• Travel with an experienced local guide or authorised community operator.

• Allow extra time because river travel and weather can affect schedules.

• Respect Indigenous community rules, customs and photography preferences.

• Bring lightweight, quick-drying clothing, sturdy footwear, rain protection and insect protection.

• Carry sufficient drinking water and essential personal supplies.

• Avoid visiting independently without confirming access and local conditions beforehand.

• Keep the environment clean and avoid disturbing wildlife.

• Remember that TIPNIS is a living Indigenous territory as well as a protected area; respect for communities is as important as respect for nature.

TIPNIS is best suited to travellers looking for an authentic, low-impact Amazon experience rather than conventional mass tourism.

Highlights

• El Choro Pre-Columbian Trail, one of the park’s most important cultural and trekking attractions.

• Snow-covered peaks, high-altitude valleys and mountain landscapes.

• Lush Yungas cloud forests, waterfalls and deep river valleys.

• Exceptional biodiversity, including orchids and other endemic plants.

• Opportunities for birdwatching and wildlife observation.

• Ancient agricultural terraces, archaeological remains and traditional settlements.

Location: Cotapata is located on the eastern slopes of Bolivia’s Cordillera Real, in the department of La Paz, northeast of La Paz city, extending across parts of Murillo and Nor Yungas provinces. The protected area involves the municipalities of La Paz, Coroico and Palca and forms an important transition between the high Andes and the Yungas.

Weather & Climate: Cotapata has highly varied weather because of its enormous altitude range. Conditions can change from cold and near freezing in the high mountains to warm and humid in the lower Yungas valleys. Average annual temperatures across the protected area range approximately from 7°C to 28°C. Rainfall increases substantially toward the cloud forests, with roughly 1,000 mm annually in some higher areas and more than 3,000 mm in the Yungas cloud-forest zone.

Altitude: The park extends from approximately 1,000 to 5,900 metres above sea level, creating a remarkable sequence of ecological zones, from high Andean and glacial environments to humid mountain forests.

Nature & Wildlife: Cotapata is exceptionally rich in biodiversity, with more than 1,500 species of vascular plants recorded, including numerous endemic species, orchids, Polylepis forests, alders, cedars and mountain podocarps. Wildlife includes the Andean spectacled bear (jucumari), puma, Andean deer or taruca, spider monkey, pacarana, peccaries and several other mammals. The park is also an important destination for birdwatching, with hundreds of recorded bird species, including the spectacular Andean cock-of-the-rock and a variety of Yungas and high-Andean birds.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: Cotapata is a lived-in landscape containing numerous local communities rather than an uninhabited wilderness. SERNAP identifies 33 communities within the protected area across the municipalities of Coroico, La Paz and Palca. The region has strong Andean and Yungas cultural influences, with communities maintaining agricultural traditions and knowledge connected to the mountain environment. Traditional production includes crops such as potatoes, maize, yuca, racacha and walusa, alongside coffee, citrus and other commercial crops in lower areas. The protected area also preserves pre-Columbian trails, agricultural terraces and archaeological remains that reflect the long history of human settlement in the region.

Tourism Experiences: 

• Trekking & Hiking: Walk historic mountain routes, particularly the El Choro Pre-Columbian Trail, descending from the high Andes toward the Yungas.

• Nature & Wildlife: Explore different ecological zones and look for Andean and Yungas wildlife, including birds, spectacled bears and other mammals.

• Birdwatching: The extraordinary elevation gradient makes Cotapata particularly interesting for observing both high-Andean and cloud-forest bird species.

• Cultural & Archaeological Tourism: Discover ancient pathways, agricultural terraces and the cultural landscape surrounding local communities.

• Landscape Photography: Experience dramatic contrasts between snow-covered peaks, valleys, waterfalls and dense green cloud forests.

Best Time to visit: For trekking and hiking, May to October is generally the most favourable period because conditions are usually drier, particularly during the dry season. However, weather varies considerably with altitude, and cloud, rain and cold conditions can occur at any time. The wetter months can bring lush vegetation and impressive waterfalls, but trails may become slippery and more challenging.

How to Get There: Cotapata can be reached from La Paz via the road toward Coroico and the Yungas. Another important access route is through the Huarinilla Valley. For the El Choro trek, visitors can travel by bus or vehicle toward La Cumbre, then begin the pre-Columbian trail, eventually descending toward Chairo. Because conditions on mountain roads and trails can change, travelling with an experienced local guide is recommended, particularly for longer treks.

Where to Stay: Visitors can base themselves in La Paz or Coroico, depending on their itinerary. For trekking routes, accommodation and basic lodging may also be available in or around local communities along the Yungas side of the park. For multi-day treks, travellers should arrange accommodation and meals in advance and confirm current availability.

Travel Tips:

• Allow time to acclimatise to altitude before undertaking strenuous hikes.

• Weather can change rapidly, so carry layers and rain protection.

• Wear sturdy footwear suitable for steep and sometimes muddy trails.

• Bring sun protection, water and insect protection for lower Yungas areas.

• Use an experienced local guide for longer or remote routes.

• Respect local communities, archaeological sites and protected ecosystems.

• Avoid removing plants, rocks or archaeological objects.

• Follow SERNAP visitor regulations and use established trails.

• Carry out all rubbish and support local community-based tourism where possible.

• Because Cotapata covers a huge elevation range, plan your clothing and activities according to the specific section of the park you are visiting.

Highlights

• Bolivian Pantanal: One of Bolivia's most important wetland landscapes.

• Bañados de Otuquis: Extensive seasonally flooded wetlands and natural waterways.

• Río Paraguay: The park is closely connected to the river and its seasonal water cycles.

• Exceptional birdlife: Important feeding and refuge areas for large waterbirds and migratory species.

• Rich wildlife: Habitat for jaguar, marsh deer, giant otter, maned wolf, anaconda and caiman.

• Diverse ecosystems: Wetlands, palm savannas, riparian forests, dry forests and Chaco–Chiquitano transition zones.

• Ramsar importance: The Bolivian Pantanal was recognised as a wetland of international importance in 2001.

Location: Otuquis lies in the southeastern corner of Santa Cruz Department, close to the borders with Brazil and Paraguay. It extends across parts of the provinces of Germán Busch and Cordillera, including areas associated with Puerto Suárez, Puerto Quijarro, El Carmen Rivero Torres and Charagua.

Weather & Climate: Otuquis has a warm subtropical climate, with pronounced wet and dry periods. Temperatures commonly range from around 21°C to 31°C, although occasional winter cold fronts can produce much lower temperatures. Rainfall varies considerably across the park, and the wetlands can remain flooded for extended periods.

Altitude: The park is predominantly a lowland landscape, with elevations generally ranging from approximately 80 to 180 metres above sea level.

Nature & Wildlife: Otuquis protects a remarkable mosaic of wetlands and forests, including flooded grasslands, palm savannas, aquatic vegetation, riparian forests, Chaco vegetation and tropical dry forest. Bolivia's tourism authority has recorded approximately 262 plant species, 72 mammal species, 340 bird species, 55 amphibian species, 66 reptile species and 169 fish species within the broader Otuquis ecosystem. Wildlife highlights include the jaguar, puma, maned wolf, giant otter, Neotropical otter, marsh deer, capybara, anaconda, caiman and Jabiru stork. The wetlands are particularly valuable for observing waterbirds and other species associated with seasonal flooding.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: The wider Pantanal and surrounding Chaco–Chiquitano region has a long indigenous history associated particularly with Chiquitano, Ayoreo and Guaraní peoples. These cultures have longstanding connections with the landscape, including traditional knowledge of plants, wildlife, water resources and seasonal cycles.

Tourism Experiences: Otuquis is best suited to nature-focused and low-impact tourism, particularly for activities such as:

• Wildlife and birdwatching

• Nature photography

• Wetland and landscape exploration

• Ecotourism

• Cultural tourism in surrounding communities

• Scenic exploration of the Bolivian Pantanal

• Experiencing the landscapes around Puerto Suárez and the Río Paraguay

Because much of the protected area consists of wetlands and remote terrain, tourism infrastructure and access can be limited. Some areas require local guides, appropriate vehicles and prior coordination.

Best Time to Visit: The dry season, generally May to October, is usually the most practical period for exploring the region, when access conditions tend to be more favourable. However, the seasonal flooding is an important part of Otuquis's ecological character, so the landscape and wildlife experience can vary considerably depending on rainfall and water levels. For birdwatching and wildlife, it is worth checking local conditions and access before travelling, as water levels can affect roads, trails and boat routes.

How to Get There: The principal gateway to the Otuquis and Bolivian Pantanal region is Puerto Suárez/Puerto Quijarro in southeastern Santa Cruz. From Santa Cruz de la Sierra, visitors can travel:

• By road: The journey to Puerto Suárez is approximately 640 km.

• By train: The Santa Cruz–Puerto Quijarro railway provides an alternative connection, with the journey taking approximately 14 hours.

Access into the protected area itself can be more challenging, and visitors should arrange transportation, guides and permits where required before entering remote areas.

Where to Stay: For exploring Otuquis, the most practical accommodation base is generally Puerto Suárez, with additional accommodation options available around Puerto Quijarro and other communities in the Bolivian Pantanal. Visitors looking for a deeper nature experience there is also local lodges and community-based accommodation in the wider Pantanal region, depending on seasonal availability and access.

Travel Tips: 

• Plan ahead: Otuquis is remote and tourism infrastructure is limited in many areas.

• Use local expertise: Consider travelling with an experienced local guide familiar with the Pantanal.

• Check road conditions: Seasonal flooding can affect accessibility.

• Bring sun protection: Hat, sunscreen and lightweight clothing are useful in the warm lowlands.

• Carry insect protection: Wetland environments can have significant insect activity.

• Bring binoculars: Otuquis is especially rewarding for birdwatchers.

• Respect wildlife: Observe animals from a safe distance and never feed or disturb them.

• Support local communities: Choose responsible local guides, accommodation and cultural experiences where available.

• Leave no trace: Protect wetlands, forests and wildlife by carrying rubbish out and following protected-area regulations.

• Travel responsibly: Otuquis is a conservation landscape first and a tourism destination second; low-impact travel helps protect its fragile ecosystems.

Otuquis offers a different side of Bolivia — a vast world of water, wildlife and wetlands where the Pantanal meets the Chaco and Chiquitano landscapes.

Highlights

• In 1986 was recognised as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO

• Approximately 135,274 hectares of protected landscape.

• A unique meeting point of Amazonian, Chaco and Cerrado influences.

• Extensive tropical forests, savannas, wetlands and seasonally flooded landscapes.

• More than 100 mammal species and around 500 bird species recorded.

• Laguna Normandía, known for wildlife and birdwatching spot.

• Río Maniquí and other waterways providing access to remote natural areas.

• Excellent destination for birdwatching, wildlife observation, nature photography and scientific tourism.

• Important cultural connections with the Tsimane’ (Chimane) Indigenous people.

Location: The reserve is situated in the southwestern part of Beni Department, between the provinces of José Ballivián and Yacuma, and within the municipalities of San Borja and Santa Ana de Yacuma. San Borja is the principal gateway for visitors. The reserve lies in the lowlands of the Amazon Basin, approximately 45 km from the foothills of the Andes.

Weather & Climate: The region has a warm tropical climate, with a pronounced wet season and a generally drier period. Average annual temperatures are around 25–26°C, while annual rainfall can vary considerably, from approximately 1,400 mm in drier years to 3,000 mm in wetter years. During the rainy season, flooding can make roads and access to parts of the reserve considerably more difficult.

Altitude: The Beni Biological Station is a very lowland environment, with elevations generally around 160–220 metres above sea level. The landscape is predominantly flat, characterised by floodplains, forests, wetlands and open savannas.

Nature & Wildlife: The reserve protects an extraordinary combination of humid tropical forest, gallery forest, seasonally flooded forest, wetlands, lagoons and open savanna. More than 2,000 vascular plant species have been recorded across the wider reserve, together with more than 100 mammal species and around 500 bird species. Wildlife highlights include jaguar, giant armadillo (pejichi), black spider monkey (marimono), red howler monkey (manechi), marsh deer, giant river otter, capybara, caiman, black caiman and river turtles. Birdlife is particularly impressive, with species such as the harpy eagle and numerous wetland and forest birds. The reserve's vegetation includes valuable and characteristic Amazonian species such as mara (mahogany), palo maría, cedar, ochoó, tajibo and several native palms.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: The reserve has an important relationship with the Tsimane’ (Chimane) Indigenous people, whose traditional territories and way of life are closely connected with the forests and rivers of the region. UNESCO highlights the importance of protecting Indigenous knowledge and traditional techniques alongside biodiversity conservation. The Río Maniquí is particularly significant for Tsimane’ communities and provides opportunities to learn about the close relationship between Indigenous communities, waterways and the surrounding forest.

Tourism Experiences: The Beni Biological Station offers opportunities for low-impact nature and educational tourism, including:

• Birdwatching in forests, wetlands and savannas.

• Nature walks through different forest ecosystems.

• Wildlife observation, including caimans, monkeys, birds and other Amazonian species.

• Laguna Normandía, an important landscape for wildlife and bird observation.

• River excursions along the Río Maniquí, where visitors can observe birds, reptiles and other wildlife.

• Nature photography and wildlife observation.

• Scientific and educational tourism, reflecting the reserve's long-standing role in biological research.

• Savanna and wetland exploration, highlighting the distinctive landscapes of the Llanos de Moxos.

• Community-based cultural experiences, where authorised and locally organised.

Best Time to Visit: The dry season, approximately May to October, is generally the most practical period for visiting. Roads and trails are usually easier to access, while wildlife observation and outdoor activities can be more comfortable. The rainy season can bring significant flooding and difficult road conditions. It is worth highlight that the reserve is also a seasonal destination as the landscape changes dramatically between dry and wet periods, and both seasons have their own ecological character.

How to Get There: San Borja is the principal gateway to the reserve.

• By air: Visitors can reach San Borja through regional air connections, depending on current schedules. Another option is to travel via Trinidad or Rurrenabaque and continue overland.

• By road: San Borja is connected by road with Trinidad and Rurrenabaque, although conditions can vary significantly with the season. During periods of heavy rain, sections of the route may become difficult or temporarily inaccessible.

• From San Borja, access to the reserve and its tourism facilities should be arranged in advance with the reserve's local authorities or authorised operators, particularly because many areas are remote and protected.

Where to Stay: San Borja offers the widest choice of hotels, guesthouses, restaurants and basic tourist services and is the most convenient base for exploring the reserve. For a more immersive experience, visitors may be able to stay at El Porvenir, the reserve's operational and tourism facility, subject to availability and prior arrangements. El Porvenir is an important base for nature, scientific and educational activities. Community-based accommodation may also be available in the wider region, but arrangements should be made directly through recognised community tourism initiatives and with respect for local protocols.

Travel Tips: 

• Plan ahead: Access to the reserve is limited and should be arranged before travelling.

• Choose the dry season if you want easier road access and more straightforward outdoor activities.

• Bring lightweight, breathable clothing, sturdy walking shoes, rain protection and insect repellent.

• Carry binoculars and a camera for bird and wildlife observation.

• Use a local guide who understands the terrain, wildlife and community protocols.

• Avoid disturbing animals, feeding wildlife or removing plants and other natural materials.

• Respect Indigenous communities, their customs, privacy and traditional knowledge.

• Bring sufficient water and essential personal supplies when travelling into remote areas.

• Be prepared for limited mobile connectivity and basic facilities outside San Borja.

• Support conservation and community initiatives by choosing responsible, locally organised tourism.

The Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve is where forest, wetlands and open savannas come together in one of Bolivia's most remarkable lowland landscapes.

Conservation note: The reserve is not simply a conventional wildlife destination; it is a protected landscape where biodiversity conservation, scientific research and the way of life and traditional knowledge of Indigenous and local communities are closely connected.

Highlights

• Tucumano-Bolivian Yungas and mountain cloud forests

• Dramatic serranías, valleys and forested slopes

• Possibility of encountering jaguar, puma and other wildlife

• Excellent birdwatching, including the military macaw

• Rivers, waterfalls and scenic valleys

• Remote hiking and nature-based exploration

• Camping and simple outdoor experiences

• Important, protected area for biodiversity and water resources

• Scenic sites including Sidras, Salinas and El Cajón

Location: Tariquía is located in the southeastern part of Tarija Department, south of Entre Ríos and relatively close to the Argentine border. The reserve extends across parts of the provinces of O’Connor, Arce, Gran Chaco and Cercado, with access associated with areas including Padcaya, Entre Ríos and Chiquiacá.

Weather & Climate: The climate varies considerably with altitude, ranging from temperate to warm. The wetter mountain areas receive approximately 900–3,000 mm of rainfall annually, with cloud, mist and rainfall contributing to the lush forest environment. The main rainy season generally occurs from November to March, while the drier months offer better conditions for visiting.

Altitude: The reserve has a substantial elevation range, approximately 900–3,400 metres above sea level, although some lower sectors and valleys descend to around 400–500 metres depending on the boundary and location being considered.

Nature & Wildlife: Tariquía protects a remarkable variety of ecosystems, including humid mountain forest, cloud forest, montane woodland and transitions toward drier valleys and Chaco vegetation. More than 600 plant species have been recorded in official tourism information, alongside 62 species of mammals, 242 birds, 19 reptiles, 28 amphibians and 64 fish species. Wildlife includes jaguar, puma, Andean or spectacled bear (jukumari), taruca, peccary and monkeys. Birdlife includes the striking military macaw, Tucuman parrot and toucans.

Communities & Culture: Tariquía is not an uninhabited wilderness. Local rural communities live within the reserve and participate in its management and conservation. In July 2026, SERNAP reported coordination with representatives of 24 communities living in the protected area, highlighting the importance of community participation in conservation and sustainable development. The local population has traditionally depended on agriculture, livestock, fishing and other natural resources.

Tourism Experiences:

• Hiking & trekking – Explore forest trails, valleys and mountain landscapes.

• Wildlife watching – Look for birds and, with patience and good guiding, signs of larger mammals.

• Birdwatching – Tariquía's exceptional bird diversity makes it particularly attractive to nature enthusiasts.

• Camping – Experience the reserve's forests and landscapes through simple, low-impact camping.

• El Cajón – Visit the impressive canyon along the Río Grande de Tarija, an area known for scenic landscapes, wildlife and fish populations.

• Sidras & Salinas – Explore two of the reserve's recognised scenic areas and enjoy walking and nature observation.

Best Time to Visit: May to September is generally the most suitable period for visiting Tariquía because conditions are drier and hiking and river crossings are more manageable. The reserve can be difficult to access during the rainy season, particularly on unpaved roads and remote trails.

How to Get There: The main approach is from Tarija towards Padcaya and the reserve's access communities, with some routes continuing along rough rural roads toward entry points such as Pampa Grande/Motovi. From the road, visitors may need to continue on foot or horseback, depending on the destination and current conditions. Because Tariquía is remote and access infrastructure is limited, visitors are advised to book their trip with local guides and the relevant reserve authorities in advance.

Where to Stay: Accommodation inside the reserve is very basic and limited, with camping being one of the principal options. Some areas have simple community or reserve facilities, while Tarija, Padcaya and Entre Ríos provide a wider choice of hotels, guesthouses and other accommodation outside the reserve.

Travel Tips:

• Use an experienced local guide; trails can be remote and challenging.

• Check road and weather conditions before travelling.

• Be prepared for basic camping conditions if staying inside the reserve.

• Wear sturdy walking footwear and bring suitable rain protection.

• Carry sufficient drinking water and essential supplies.

• Bring binoculars for birdwatching.

• Do not rely on mobile-phone coverage in remote areas.

• Follow Leave No Trace principles and take all rubbish with you.

• Never approach or feed wildlife.

• Respect local communities, private land and conservation regulations.

• Confirm access arrangements with SERNAP or local authorities before departure.

Tariquía is best presented as a destination for responsible nature tourism, wildlife observation, hiking and authentic rural experiences, rather than conventional mass tourism.

Highlights

• Amazon rainforest: Extensive humid tropical forest with remarkable biodiversity.

• Manuripi and Madre de Dios rivers: Major waterways that shape the reserve and provide opportunities for river exploration.

• Lago Bay: A scenic lake known for its clear waters, aquatic vegetation, fish and birdlife.

• Exceptional biodiversity: Jaguars, giant river otters, tapirs, monkeys, caimans and hundreds of bird species.

• Brazil nut forests: The castaña is an important natural resource and source of income for local communities.

• Community-based way of life: Traditional forest activities such as Brazil nut and açai harvesting contribute to the local economy.

Location: Manuripi is located in the southwestern part of Pando Department, between the Manuripi and Madre de Dios rivers, extending toward the Peruvian border. The reserve includes parts of the municipalities of Filadelfia and Puerto Rico. The nearest major city and principal gateway is Cobija, the capital of Pando.

Weather & Climate: The reserve has a warm, humid tropical climate throughout much of the year. Average temperatures are generally around 25–26°C, with maximum average temperatures reaching about 31°C. Annual rainfall varies roughly between 1,800 and 2,500 mm, with the wettest conditions generally occurring during the summer months. During the cooler winter period, occasional surazos - cold fronts from the south, can cause a noticeable temporary drop in temperatures.

Altitude: Manuripi is a lowland Amazonian reserve, with elevations ranging approximately from 128 to 269 metres above sea level. Its landscape consists mainly of gently undulating plains, floodplains and alluvial terraces.

Nature & Wildlife: Manuripi protects extensive areas of Amazonian humid tropical forest, including both terra firme forests and seasonally flooded forests. The vegetation includes Brazil nut trees, rubber trees, açai palms, majo, motacú, mapajo and numerous other Amazonian species. The reserve supports an impressive variety of wildlife species including jaguar, puma, giant river otter, white-lipped and collared peccaries, red and grey brocket deer, spider monkeys, howler monkeys and other primates, yellow-spotted river turtles, black caiman, giant armadillo, lowland tapir and a wide variety of Amazonian birds. The reserve contains hundreds of recorded bird, fish, reptile and amphibian species, making it particularly interesting for wildlife observation and ecological research.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: Manuripi is a living Amazonian landscape where local communities maintain strong connections with the forest and rivers. Communities and families within the reserve depend significantly on Brazil nut harvesting, alongside small-scale agriculture and other sustainable forest activities. The Brazil nut, or castaña, is particularly important to the identity and economy of Pando. Seasonal harvesting takes place in the forest and provides an important source of income for local families. Other forest products, including açai, majo and wild cacao, are also increasingly being developed through sustainable value chains.

Tourism Experiences: Manuripi is best suited to small-scale, nature-focused and responsible tourism rather than conventional mass tourism.

• Rainforest Exploration: Explore Amazonian forest trails and learn about medicinal, edible and commercially important plants with knowledgeable local guides.

• River & Lake Exploration: Travel by boat along the Manuripi River and other waterways, observing birds, aquatic wildlife and the surrounding rainforest.

• Wildlife & Birdwatching: Early mornings and late afternoons can be particularly rewarding for observing birds and other wildlife.

• Brazil Nut Experience: Discover the importance of the castaña to local way of life and learn how this important Amazonian product is sustainably harvested.

• Lago Bay: Visit Lago Bay, one of the reserve's notable natural attractions, where visitors can enjoy the landscape and observe aquatic plants, fish, birds and other wildlife.

• Nature & Conservation: The reserve also offers opportunities for educational and scientific tourism focused on rainforest ecology, biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management.

Best Time to Visit: For outdoor exploration, the drier period from May to October is generally more practical, when roads and trails are easier to navigate and rainfall is lower. The forest remains lush throughout the year, however, the rainy season offers a different perspective of the Amazon, with fuller rivers and vibrant vegetation.

How to Get There: The principal gateway is Cobija, Pando's capital.

• By air: Fly to Cobija from major Bolivian cities, depending on current flight schedules.

• By road: Cobija is connected to other parts of Pando and Bolivia by road.

• From Cobija to Manuripi: Access generally involves a combination of road travel and, depending on the destination within the reserve, river transport.

• Some roads are more accessible during the dry season, while waterways are important transportation routes within the Amazon.

Where to Stay: Accommodation inside Manuripi is very limited, and the reserve is not designed for conventional hotel tourism. Visitors may find basic community accommodation or simple cabins depending on the area and local arrangements. For greater comfort, Cobija provides the most practical base, with hotels, restaurants and other services. Travellers planning to stay deeper inside the reserve should confirm accommodation, food, transport and guide arrangements before travelling.

Travel Tips:

• Plan ahead: Manuripi is a remote destination with limited tourism infrastructure.

• Use local guides: Local knowledge is invaluable for navigation, wildlife observation and understanding the forest.

• Carry essentials: Bring drinking water, insect protection, sun protection, lightweight clothing, sturdy footwear and a waterproof bag for valuables.

• Expect basic conditions: Facilities inside the reserve can be very simple.

• Respect wildlife: Observe animals from a safe distance and never feed or disturb them.

• Respect communities: Ask permission before photographing people, homes or community activities.

• Support local livelihoods: Choose responsible community-based services and locally produced goods where possible.

• Follow reserve regulations: Visitors should register with park authorities/guardaparques and follow conservation guidelines.

• Check access conditions: Roads and river routes can change considerably with seasonal rainfall.

• Travel responsibly: Take all rubbish with you and avoid damaging plants, wildlife habitats or cultural sites.

Manuripi offers an authentic introduction to Bolivia's Amazon—where vast rainforest, winding rivers, extraordinary wildlife and forest-based communities come together in one of the country's most important, protected landscapes.

Highlights

• Aguaragüe mountain range – spectacular forested landscapes rising above the Chaco plains.

• Tucumano-Bolivian Forest – lush mountain forest with a diverse range of trees and plants.

• Chaco Serrano – dry woodland characteristic of southern Bolivia.

• Gran Chaco transition zone – an exceptional meeting point between contrasting ecosystems.

• Rich wildlife – opportunities for observing birds, mammals and other native species.

• Important water source – the mountains and forests play a vital role in maintaining water resources for Yacuiba, Caraparí and Villa Montes.

• Guaraní and Weenhayek cultural heritage – the surrounding region have strong Indigenous cultural traditions.

Location: Aguaragüe is located in the Gran Chaco Province of Tarija Department, in southeastern Bolivia. The protected area extends across the municipalities of Yacuiba, Caraparí and Villa Montes, stretching from the Argentine border northwards toward the boundary with Chuquisaca. The area is strategically positioned between the Chaco lowlands and the Andean foothills, giving it considerable ecological diversity.

Weather & Climate: Aguaragüe has a generally warm, seasonal climate, with conditions changing according to altitude and landscape. Average summer temperatures are around 21.5°C, while annual rainfall is approximately 850–1,000 mm in much of the area. The warmer lowlands can be hot during the summer, while higher valleys and mountain areas are cooler. Winter is generally drier, and cold conditions can occasionally occur in sheltered valleys. The climate varies from season to season an different areas:

• Summer: warm, with more rainfall and greener vegetation.

• Winter: generally drier and pleasant during the day, with cooler nights.

• Mountain areas: cooler than the surrounding Chaco lowlands.

• Rainfall: approximately 850–1,000 mm annually in the principal climatic zone.

Altitude: The protected area ranges approximately from 750 to 1,900 metres above sea level, creating significant ecological variation between the lower Chaco and the higher mountain forests.

Nature & Wildlife: Aguaragüe is one of southern Bolivia's important ecological transition zones. The Tucumano-Bolivian Forest, Chaco Serrano and Gran Chaco meet within the wider protected landscape, creating habitats for a diverse range of plants and animals. The forests include species such as cedar, nogal, pino del cerro, barroso, guayabilla and several species of laurel. Wildlife in the wider Aguaragüe landscape includes numerous species of birds and mammals adapted to both forest and Chaco environments, such as toucan and other forest birds, raptors, parrots, small mammals and other native wildlife, although sightings are naturally unpredictable. The protected area is also important for maintaining forest cover, streams and water sources that support surrounding communities.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: Aguaragüe lies within a region of strong Indigenous cultural identity, particularly associated with Guaraní and Weenhayek communities. The protected area borders the Weenhayek TCO to the east and is close to the Itikaguasu Guaraní territory to the west. The Guaraní cultural presence is particularly important around the communities of the Gran Chaco, where traditions, language, communal life, crafts, food and close relationships with the natural environment remain part of the region's cultural identity. The Weenhayek, whose ancestral territory is closely associated with the Pilcomayo River and the surrounding Chaco, have distinctive traditions connected to fishing, crafts, family life and the natural environment.

Tourism Experiences: Aguaragüe offers opportunities for nature, adventure and cultural tourism, particularly for travellers interested in exploring a less-developed protected landscape. These experiences include:

• Nature walks and hiking through Chaco and mountain forest landscapes.

• Birdwatching in the transition between forest and Chaco habitats.

• Wildlife observation.

• Landscape photography in the mountain valleys and Chaco foothills.

• Forest and botanical interpretation, discovering the area's distinctive vegetation.

• Community-based cultural experiences with Indigenous communities where locally organised and available.

• Learning about Chaco ecosystems and the importance of Aguaragüe as a regional water source.

• Rural and cultural tourism around Yacuiba, Caraparí and Villa Montes.

Aguaragüe is best suited to travellers looking for nature, culture and off-the-beaten-path experiences, rather than highly developed mass tourism.

Best Time to Visit: The drier months from approximately May to October are generally the most comfortable period for outdoor activities, with less rainfall and easier conditions for exploring the region. April to October can be particularly attractive for hiking, wildlife observation and landscape photography. The warmer and wetter period from November to March brings greener vegetation but can produce heavier rainfall and more difficult access in some areas.

How to Get There: The principal access points are Yacuiba, Caraparí and Villa Montes in Tarija Department. Yacuiba is the largest regional transport centre and provides a practical base for exploring the surrounding Chaco. From these towns, access to specific parts of the protected area may involve local roads, rural tracks and guided excursions. Conditions can vary considerably depending on weather and the destination within the protected area.

Where to Stay: The most practical accommodation bases are Yacuiba, Villa Montes and Caraparí, where visitors can find hotels, guesthouses and other basic accommodation. For travellers seeking a more immersive experience, rural and community-based accommodation may be available in selected areas, depending on local tourism initiatives and seasonal operation. For a Discover Bolivia itinerary, Aguaragüe can also be combined with other attractions of the Tarija and Gran Chaco region, creating a broader nature and cultural journey.

Travel Tips

• Travel with a local guide when exploring remote areas of the protected landscape.

• Check road conditions before travelling, especially during the rainy season.

• Carry sufficient drinking water, sun protection and insect repellent.

• Wear comfortable, lightweight clothing and sturdy footwear for walking.

• Bring binoculars if you are interested in birdwatching.

• Respect Indigenous communities, local customs and photography permissions.

• Do not disturb wildlife or remove plants, rocks or other natural materials.

• Carry rubbish out of the protected area.

• Avoid visiting remote areas alone.

• Confirm access arrangements and local conditions before setting out.

• Support local guides, community-based tourism initiatives and small businesses whenever possible.

Aguaragüe is where the Chaco meets the mountains — a landscape of forests, wildlife, Indigenous culture and vital water sources. Discover one of southern Bolivia's lesser-known protected areas and experience the natural and cultural richness of the Gran Chaco.

Highlights

• Serranía del Iñao mountain landscapes and forested valleys

• Three major ecological regions: Bolivian-Tucuman, Chaco Serrano and Gran Chaco

• Rich biodiversity and important wildlife habitat

• Río Grande and Río Azero landscapes

• Phajcha El Limón waterfall

• Aguas Termales de Iripití hot springs

• Ruinas de Ilinchupa, an archaeological and scenic viewpoint

• Natural swimming areas along the Río Azero

• Guaraní cultural communities and traditions

• Excellent potential for birdwatching, nature photography and ecotourism

Location: Iñao is located in the southeastern part of Chuquisaca Department, extending across the provinces of Belisario Boeto, Tomina, Hernando Siles and Luis Calvo. The municipalities associated with the protected area include Padilla, Monteagudo and Villa Vaca Guzmán. The area lies in an important ecological transition between the Andes and the Gran Chaco, which explains its exceptional variety of habitats.

Weather & Climate: The Iñao region has a generally subhumid to seasonally dry climate, influenced by its position in the Sub-Andean region and its transition toward the Chaco. Rainfall is concentrated mainly during the warmer months, while the dry season generally occurs during the cooler months. Conditions vary considerably with altitude. Lower valleys can be warm, while the higher mountain areas are cooler and more humid.

Altitude: Iñao has a remarkable altitudinal range of approximately 520 to 3,030 metres above sea level. This large elevation range creates a succession of habitats, from lower Chaco landscapes and dry forests to humid mountain forests.

Nature & Wildlife: The protected area is particularly valuable for its combination of different ecosystems. Its forests include Bolivian-Tucuman forest, Chaco vegetation, Chaco transition forests and other forest communities. More than 600 vascular plant species have been documented, with considerably greater diversity expected. Wildlife recorded in the area includes jaguar, puma, Andean bear (jukumari), tapir (anta), giant anteater, Andean condor, king vulture, numerous raptors and forest birds and a wide variety of amphibians, reptiles and insects. Because parts of Iñao remain relatively little studied, the protected area also has significant value for scientific research and biodiversity monitoring.

Indigenous Communities & Culture: The protected area includes rural communities with strong connections to the surrounding forests, rivers and agricultural landscapes. Guaraní culture is particularly important in communities around Villa Vaca Guzmán and the wider Iñao region, including places such as Aguayrenda, Ity and Teperillas.

Tourism Experiences: Iñao offers opportunities for responsible, nature-based tourism, including:

• Ecotourism & Nature Exploration: Explore forests, valleys, rivers and mountain landscapes across one of Chuquisaca's most biologically diverse protected areas.

• Hiking & Adventure: Discover scenic trails, waterfalls, viewpoints and remote landscapes. Conditions can be demanding in some areas, so local guidance is recommended.

• Birdwatching & Wildlife Observation: The variety of habitats makes Iñao an interesting destination for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts.

• Nature Photography: Mountain forests, rivers, waterfalls and changing vegetation provide excellent opportunities for landscape and wildlife photography.

• Hot Springs: Visit the Iripití hot springs, located southeast of the community of Iripití.

• Rivers & Waterfalls: Explore Phajcha El Limón, the Río Grande and Río Azero, including natural bathing areas and scenic river landscapes.

• Culture & Heritage: Combine nature exploration with visits to Guaraní communities and historical attractions such as the Ilinchupa ruins.

Best Time to Visit: The drier months, generally May to October, can be more convenient for exploring the region, with June to August typically offering better conditions for travelling on rural roads and hiking. The rainy season, approximately November to March, brings greener landscapes and fuller rivers and waterfalls, but some rural roads can become more difficult to travel.

How to Get There:

• From Sucre: Travel south and east via the Jaime Mendoza road towards Monteagudo and Camiri, using local roads to reach communities and attractions around the protected area.

• From Santa Cruz: Travel towards Camiri on the Santa Cruz–Yacuiba highway, then continue through the Ipati junction towards Muyupampa. The route includes paved and gravel sections.

Access within the protected area can be challenging, particularly during the rainy season. For remote locations, travelling with an experienced local guide and appropriate transport is strongly recommended.

Where to Stay: Monteagudo is one of the most practical bases for exploring the Iñao region, with accommodation, restaurants, shops and transport services. Visitors can also find accommodation or community-based options in some surrounding towns and communities, depending on the destination and season. For remote excursions, arrangements should be made in advance rather than relying on accommodation inside the protected area.

Travel Tips:

• Plan your route carefully because Iñao is a large and relatively remote protected area.

• Use a local guide for trails and less-developed attractions.

• Check road conditions before travelling, particularly during the rainy season.

• Carry sufficient drinking water and food for excursions.

• Bring good walking shoes, sun protection, insect protection and rain gear.

• Carry cash because services can be limited outside the main towns.

• Respect local communities, cultural traditions and protected-area regulations.

• Avoid disturbing wildlife or removing plants, rocks or archaeological objects.

• Support local guides, community tourism and locally produced goods where possible.

• Travel responsibly and leave no trace.

Iñao is where the Andes meet the Chaco, the area reveals a remarkable world of forests, rivers, wildlife and living cultures. Discover one of Chuquisaca's lesser-known natural treasures and experience Bolivia beyond the usual tourist routes.